A review of bird-like flapping wing with high aspect ratio

Bird-like flapping-wing vehicles with a high aspect ratio have the potential to fulfill missions given to micro air vehicles, such as high-altitude reconnaissance, surveillance, rescue, and bird group guidance, due to their good loading and long endurance capacities. Biologists and aeronautical researchers have explored the mystery of avian flight and made efforts to reproduce flapping flight in bioinspired aircraft for decades. However, the cognitive depth from theory to practice is still very limited. The mechanism of generating sufficient lift and thrust during avian flight is still not fully understood. Moving wings with unique biological structures such as feathers make modeling, simulation, experimentation, and analysis much more difficult. This paper reviews the research progress on bird-like flapping wings from flight mechanisms to modeling. Commonly used numerical computing methods are briefly compared. The aeroelastic problems are also highlighted. The results of the investigation show that a leading-edge vortex can be found during avian flight. Its induction and maintenance may have a close relationship with wing configuration, kinematics and deformation. The present models of flapping wings are mainly two-dimensional airfoils or three-dimensional single root-jointed geometric plates, which still exhibit large differences from real bird wings. Aeroelasticity is encouraged to consider the nonignorable effect on aerodynamic performance due to large-scale nonlinear deformation. Introducing appropriate flexibility can improve the peak values and efficiencies of lift and thrust, but the detailed conclusions always have strong background dependence.     

Real-time ray-based channel generation and emulation for UAV communications

A real-time ray-based hardware emulator for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) communication channels which suits for the Three-Dimensional (3D) dynamic scenarios and considers the movements of both terminals is developed in this paper. The time-variant channel parameters, i.e., ray delay, ray gain, and ray Doppler frequency are precalculated in the host by using the Ray Tracing (RT) method. Meanwhile, RT simulation dramatically increases the number of valid rays. To address the problem of resource limitation and huge computational burden in the implementation, an efficient ray coefficients generation method based on iteration is proposed and implemented. With the advantages of low cost and high flexibility, a Software Defined Radio (SDR) hardware platform is used to emulate the ray-based UAV channels by utilizing the compact architecture including the Time-Division (TD) scheme and Tapped-Delay Line (TDL) for channel convolution. Finally, hardware measurement results demonstrate that the properties of emulated channel, i.e., Power Delay Profile (PDP) and Doppler Power Spectrum Density (DPSD) consist with the simulated ones, which verifies the correctness of hardware implementation. The proposed channel emulator provides an efficient way for optimization, verification, and evaluation of UAV communication systems.     

一种多源测距与视觉惯性融合的月球车定位方法

针对月球车月面探测活动任务中对高精度定位的需求,当前视觉惯性定位方法存在误差累积,并且在缺乏先验环境信息时无法消除,基于三角测量原理的无线电定位方法可以通过测量接收端到至少三个不同发射端的距离来确定目标物体位置,但需要架设三台以上基站,因此难以满足月面环境下大范围定位的需求。文章提出了一种基于基站无线测距和视觉惯性里程计融合定位方法,以解决上述定位手段存在的问题。该方法首先利用视觉惯性里程计构建的环境模型将WIFI、UHF和UWB三类无线电基站测距信息进行融合,然后将测距结果和视觉IMU信息进行位置联合解算来确定月球车位置,最后在Matlab和Gazebo软件平台上进行仿真验证,在距离基站最远行进1500米的条件下实现了0.92米定位误差。实验结果表明,该方法能够在满足月面探测任务对于精准定位的需求。     

铺层区域划分对大展弦比机翼静气动弹性影响

为了研究铺层区域变量对大展弦比机翼静气动弹性的影响，本文在考虑几何非线性影响下，依据有限元分析，研究了外翼段铺层区域的划分以及90°铺层角度的个数对大展弦比机翼静气动弹性特性的影响。结果表明，0°、±45°、90°混合铺层的铺设效果优于只有0°、±45°铺层的区域；机翼变形情况随着外翼段铺层区域的增大而减小，且减小斜率逐步增大；外翼段铺层区域固定时，增加90°铺层角度个数会有效减小机翼变形，且机翼变形情况与增加的个数基本呈现负相关关系，其个数在铺层设计中可能存在一个最佳取值或最优占比。     

合成孔径雷达射频干扰抑制技术进展及展望

射频干扰(RFI)是影响合成孔径雷达精确遥感的一个难点问题,严重阻碍了原始回波的采集、成像和后续解译过程。本文对适用于合成孔径雷达系统的RFI抑制技术进行了综述研究。首先分析了典型的星载和地面RFI源以及其对合成孔径雷达系统的影响,给出了典型RFI类型的信号模型和实测数据示例;然后系统地介绍了抑制RFI的先进信号处理技术,并从适用性的角度讨论了每种方法的优缺点;最后从认知、综合和自适应的角度探讨了未来干扰抑制技术的发展趋势与展望。     

基于DRFM的通用无线电高度模拟装置的设计

介绍了一种基于数字射频存贮（DRFM）技术的通用无线电高度表高度模拟装置的设计。与传统的高度模拟装置相比较，该技术具有模拟高度连续可调，能叠加各类干扰信息以及通用性和可扩展性强等优点，可以应用于弹载和机载无线电高度表的测试。     

无线电引信海面及目标多普勒回波仿真分析

频谱识别技术利用海面及目标回波的多普勒频差来滤除海杂波信号。为准确分析弹目交会时引信回波的多普勒频谱,采用了三维弹目交会模型对弹目不共面时引信回波进行模拟,利用等多普勒线划分海面区域进而计算海面回波多普勒频率,利用目标不同散射点合成的方法推导了目标回波多普勒频率的表达式,并在弹目飞行速率、弹目交会角及目标脱靶量等因素不同时对引信回波多普勒频率进行仿真,通过仿真分析得出了以上因素对引信回波多普勒频率的影响,并验证了频谱识别技术在不同交会条件下的有效性。     

空间低频射电天文天线材质-观测性能分析

15MHz以下的射电天文信号由于受到电离层的阻挡只能通过空间卫星平台进行观测。采用空间展开的电小天线是目前普遍的做法。就电小天线的材质-接收性能方面进行分析，构建了基于材质磁导率、电导率对后端接收机噪声影响模型。通过计算结果比对和就天线材质空间展开难易程度的综合考虑，归纳总结了不同材质对空间低频射电天文观测噪声影响以及展开难度，为新天线的研制提供了数据依据。该项工作将为下一步L1点空间天气监测卫星中的太阳射电观测载荷提供技术支持。